# Mitigating Unnecessary Handovers in Ultra-Dense Networks through Machine Learning-based Mobility Prediction

## TL;DR

This paper presents a machine learning-based mobility prediction strategy to reduce unnecessary handovers in ultra-dense 5G networks, improving QoS for vehicular applications.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel ML-supported mobility prediction approach using SVM, DTC, and RFC to minimize handovers in ultra-dense networks, validated through system-level simulations.

## Key findings

- 30% average reduction in handover times
- RFC achieves up to 70% reduction in some cases
- Improved QoS for vehicular applications in 5G UDNs

## Abstract

In 5G wireless communication, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and automobile applications, such as autonomous driving, are widely examined. These applications have strict requirements and often require high Quality of Service (QoS). In an urban setting, Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs) have the potential to not only provide optimal QoS but also increase system capacity and frequency reuse. However, the current architecture of 5G UDN of dense Small Cell Nodes (SCNs) deployment prompts increased delay, handover times, and handover failures. In this paper, we propose a Machine Learning (ML) supported Mobility Prediction (MP) strategy to predict future Vehicle User Equipment (VUE) mobility and handover locations. The primary aim of the proposed methodology is to minimize Unnecessary Handover (UHO) while ensuring VUEs take full advantage of the deployed UDN. We evaluate and validate our approach on a downlink system-level simulator. We predict mobility using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), and Random Forest Classifier (RFC). The simulation results show an average reduction of 30% in handover times by utilizing ML-based MP, with RFC showing the most reduction up to 70% in some cases.