# Evolutionary and Observational Properties of Red Giant Acoustic Glitch Signatures

## TL;DR

This study investigates acoustic glitch signatures in red giant oscillation frequencies, revealing their evolution and potential for stellar phase discrimination, using theoretical modeling and Kepler data analysis.

## Contribution

It introduces a new method to characterize acoustic glitches in red giants, including nonradial modes, and examines their evolution and diagnostic potential.

## Key findings

- Glitch properties vary with stellar evolution stages.
- Acoustic depths help distinguish between red giant phases.
- Method proves robust against observational noise.

## Abstract

While solar-like oscillations in red giants have been observed at massive scale by the Kepler mission, few features of these oscillation mode frequencies, other than their global properties, have been exploited for stellar characterization. The signatures of acoustic glitches in mode frequencies have been used for studying main-sequence stars, but the validity of applying such techniques to evolved red giants, particularly pertaining to the inclusion of nonradial modes, has been less well-examined. Making use of new theoretical developments, we characterize glitches using the $\pi$ modes associated with red giant stellar models, and use our procedure to examine for the first time how properties of the He II acoustic glitch -- specifically its amplitude and associated acoustic depth -- vary over the course of evolution up the red giant branch, and with respect to other fundamental stellar properties. We find that the acoustic depths of these glitches, in conjunction with other spectroscopic information, discriminates between red giants in the first-ascent and core-helium-burning phases. We critically reexamine previous attempts to constrain acoustic glitches from nonradial (in particular dipole) modes in red giants. Finally, we apply our fitting procedure to Kepler data, to evaluate its robustness to noise and other observational systematics.