# Slowly rotating Q-balls

## TL;DR

This paper explores the existence of long-lived, metastable rotating Q-balls with small angular momentum across various scalar theories, extending understanding of their potential cosmological roles.

## Contribution

It demonstrates the possibility of metastable rotating Q-balls with small angular momentum in all scalar theories supporting non-rotating Q-balls, broadening the scope of their theoretical and cosmological significance.

## Key findings

- Metastable rotating Q-balls can exist with small angular momentum.
- These solutions are relevant for scalar theories supporting non-rotating Q-balls.
- Implications for cosmological models involving boson stars and Q-balls.

## Abstract

Q-balls are non-topological solitons arising in scalar field theories. Solutions for rotating Q-balls (and the related boson stars) have been shown to exist when the angular momentum is equal to an integer multiple of the Q-ball charge $Q$. Here we consider the possibility of classically long-lived metastable rotating Q-balls with small angular momentum, even for large charge, for all scalar theories that support non-rotating Q-balls. This is relevant for rotating extensions of Q-balls and related solitons such as boson stars as it impacts their cosmological phenomenology.