Effect of physical aging on the flexural creep in 3D printed thermoplastic

TL;DR

This study investigates how physical aging affects flexural creep in 3D printed PLA, revealing that aging shifts creep behavior and long-term creep occurs even below glass transition temperature, impacting component design.

Contribution

It provides experimental evidence linking physical aging to creep behavior in 3D printed thermoplastics and highlights the importance of considering long-term creep in design.

Findings

Aged specimens show shifted creep curves explained by physical aging theory.

Long-term creep persists at temperatures below glass transition.

Physical aging influences the mechanical stability of 3D printed thermoplastics.

Abstract

Extrusion-based 3D printing has become one of the most common additive manufacturing methods and is widely used in engineering. This contribution presents the results of flexural creep experiments on 3D printed PLA specimens, focusing on changes in creep behavior due to physical aging. It is shown experimentally that the creep curves obtained on aged specimens are shifted to each other on the logarithmic time scale in a way that the theory of physical aging can explain. The reason for the physical aging of 3D printed thermoplastics is assumed to be the special heat treatment that the polymer undergoes during extrusion. Additionally, results of a long-term flexural creep experiment are shown, demonstrating that non-negligible creep over long periods can be observed even at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature. Such creep effects should be considered for designing components made of 3D printed thermoplastics.