Ultraluminous X-ray sources
Andrew King, Jean-Pierre Lasota, Matthew Middleton
TL;DR
This review summarizes recent observational advances and theoretical models of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), highlighting progress, unresolved questions, and the importance of neutron-star ULXs for testing accretion theories.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of ULX observations across wavebands and scales, and discusses how current models are tested against neutron-star ULXs.
Findings
Significant observational progress in ULX studies.
Current theories are being tested with neutron-star ULXs.
Many questions about ULX nature remain open.
Abstract
The study of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) has changed dramatically over the last decade. In this review we first describe the most important observations of ULXs in various wavebands, and across multiple scales in space and time. We discuss recent progress and current unanswered questions. We consider the range of current theories of ULX properties in the light of this observational progress. Applying these models to neutron-star ULXs offers particularly stringent tests, as this is the unique case where the mass of the accretor is effectively fixed.
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