Long time solutions of quasilinear Klein-Gordon equations with small weakly decaying initial data

TL;DR

This paper proves global existence and scattering for solutions of quasilinear Klein-Gordon equations with small, weakly decaying initial data, extending previous results to more general equations without the null condition.

Contribution

It demonstrates that solutions exist globally for quasilinear Klein-Gordon equations in higher dimensions and with certain initial data decay, even without the null condition, using advanced analytical techniques.

Findings

Global solutions for d≥3 with small initial data

Existence of solutions for d=2 with exponential lifespan

Solutions scatter to free solutions under weighted initial data norms

Abstract

It is well known that for the quasilinear Klein-Gordon equation with quadratic nonlinearity and sufficiently decaying small initial data, there exists a global smooth solution if the space dimensions $d\geq2$. When the initial data are of size $\varepsilon>0$ in the Sobolev space, for the semilinear Klein-Gordon equation satisfying the null condition, the authors in the article (J.-M. Delort, Daoyuan Fang, Almost global existence for solutions of semilinear Klein-Gordon equations with small weakly decaying Cauchy data, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 25 (2000), no. 11-12, 2119--2169) prove that the solution exists in time $[0,T_\varepsilon)$ with $T_\varepsilon\ge Ce^{C\varepsilon^{-\mu}}$ ($\mu=1$ if $d\ge3$, $\mu=2/3$ if $d=2$). In the present paper, we will focus on the general quasilinear Klein-Gordon equation without the null condition and further show that the existence time of the solution can be improved to $T_\varepsilon=+\infty$ if $d\geq3$ and $T_\varepsilon\ge e^{C\varepsilon^{-2}}$ if $d=2$. In addition, for $d=2$ and any fixed number $\alpha>0$, if the weighted $L^2$ norm of the initial data with the weight $(1+|x|)^\alpha$ is small, then the solution exists globally and scatters to a free solution. The arguments are based on the introduction of a good unknown, the Strichartz estimate, the weighted $L^2$-norm estimate and the resonance analysis.