Switchable Signaling Molecules for Media Modulation: Fundamentals, Applications, and Research Directions

TL;DR

This paper explores switchable signaling molecules for molecular communication, demonstrating their potential for media modulation through theoretical and experimental results, including successful information transmission using GFPD in a closed system.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of switchable signaling molecules for media modulation and provides the first experimental demonstration of information transmission using GFPD in a closed-loop system.

Findings

Successful information transmission in a closed-loop pipe system

Classification of switchable signaling molecules based on properties

Experimental validation of media modulation with GFPD

Abstract

Although visionary applications of molecular communication (MC), such as long-term continuous health monitoring by cooperative in-body nanomachines, have been proposed, MC is still in its infancy when it comes to practical implementation. In particular, long-term experiments and applications face issues such as depletion of signaling molecules (SMs) at the transmitter (TX) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) at the receiver (RX). To overcome these practical challenges, a new class of SMs with switchable states seems to be promising for future MC applications. In this work, we provide an overview of existing switchable SMs, and classify them according to their properties. Furthermore, we highlight how switchable SMs can be utilized as information carriers for media modulation. In addition, we present theoretical and experimental results for an end-to-end MC system employing the green fluorescent protein variant "Dreiklang" (GFPD) as switchable SM. Our experimental results show, for the first time, successful information transmission in a closed-loop pipe system using media modulation. Finally, we discuss media modulation specific challenges and opportunities.