Model-Independent Radiative Symmetry Breaking and Gravitational Waves

TL;DR

This paper presents a model-independent framework for describing radiative symmetry breaking and the resulting gravitational wave signals, highlighting the conditions for supercooling and potential observability with current and future detectors.

Contribution

It introduces a parameter-based, model-independent approach to analyze first-order phase transitions and gravitational wave production in radiative symmetry breaking models.

Findings

The framework quantifies the required supercooling for validity.

It provides a method to improve accuracy via higher-order corrections.

It compares predicted gravitational wave spectra with current and future detector sensitivities.

Abstract

Models where symmetries are predominantly broken (and masses are then generated) through radiative corrections typically produce strong first-order phase transitions with a period of supercooling, when the temperature dropped by several orders of magnitude. Here it is shown that a model-independent description of these phenomena and the consequent production of potentially observable gravitational waves is possible in terms of few parameters (which are computable once the model is specified) if enough supercooling occurred. It is explicitly found how large the supercooling should be in terms of those parameters, in order for the model-independent description to be valid. It is also explained how to systematically improve the accuracy of such description by computing higher-order corrections in an expansion in powers of a small quantity, which is a function of the above-mentioned parameters. Furthermore, the corresponding gravitational wave spectrum is compared with the existing experimental results from the latest observing run of LIGO and VIRGO and the expected sensitivities of future gravitational wave experiments to find regions of the parameter space that are either ruled out or can lead to a future detection.