Generalized second law of thermodynamics for the matter creation scenario and emergence of phantom regime

TL;DR

This paper extends thermodynamics to matter creation cosmology, showing that including chemical potential resolves physical inconsistencies and allows the cosmic fluid to behave as phantom or quintessence dark energy.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized second law of thermodynamics for matter creation scenarios, demonstrating how chemical potential ensures physical consistency and influences cosmic fluid behavior.

Findings

Chemical potential inclusion resolves thermodynamic issues.

Cosmic fluid can behave as phantom or quintessence.

Model supports phantom evolution with thermodynamic consistency.

Abstract

This work is focused on the exploration of the thermodynamics foundations of the matter creation scenario when a generalized form of the second law of thermodynamics for this scheme is implemented. In this scenario we consider an expanding cosmology in which the created matter is trapped by the apparent horizon. The scheme leads to phantom evolution but at first glance it lacks of physical consistency. However, the inclusion of chemical potential into the description solves the thermodynamics issues of the model and determines the behavior of the cosmic fluid, in other words, the cosmic fluid now can behave as phantom dark energy or as quintessence one.