An anatomy-based V1 model: Extraction of Low-level Features, Reduction of distortion and a V1-inspired SOM

TL;DR

This paper models the primary visual cortex V1 based on anatomical data, extracting low-level features and reducing distortion, and introduces a V1-inspired self-organizing map that is robust to noise and improves feature representation.

Contribution

It presents a biologically inspired V1 model aligned with anatomy and a novel V1-SOM algorithm that enhances noise tolerance and feature extraction capabilities.

Findings

V1 model effectively extracts low-level features and reduces distortion on BSDS500 images.

V1-SOM outperforms traditional SOM in noisy environments and high-dimensional data.

Application to MNIST reduces quantization error, supporting the ventral stream untangling hypothesis.

Abstract

We present a model of the primary visual cortex V1, guided by anatomical experiments. Unlike most machine learning systems our goal is not to maximize accuracy but to realize a system more aligned to biological systems. Our model consists of the V1 layers 4, 2/3, and 5, with inter-layer connections between them in accordance with the anatomy. We further include the orientation selectivity of the V1 neurons and lateral influences in each layer. Our V1 model, when applied to the BSDS500 ground truth images (indicating LGN contour detection before V1), can extract low-level features from the images and perform a significant amount of distortion reduction. As a follow-up to our V1 model, we propose a V1-inspired self-organizing map algorithm (V1-SOM), where the weight update of each neuron gets influenced by its neighbors. V1-SOM can tolerate noisy inputs as well as noise in the weight updates better than SOM and shows a similar level of performance when trained with high dimensional data such as the MNIST dataset. Finally, when we applied V1 processing to the MNIST dataset to extract low-level features and trained V1-SOM with the modified MNIST dataset, the quantization error was significantly reduced. Our results support the hypothesis that the ventral stream performs gradual untangling of input spaces.