Collective Excitation in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions -- In Memory of Professor Lianshou Liu

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent experimental findings on collective phenomena in high-energy nuclear collisions, emphasizing the legacy of Professor Lianshou Liu and exploring future research directions at high baryon densities.

Contribution

It highlights recent experimental observations related to collectivity, chirality, criticality, and strangeness in nuclear collisions, and discusses future research on phase boundaries and hyperon interactions.

Findings

Evidence of collective behavior in nuclear collisions

Observation of chiral and critical phenomena

Insights into strangeness production and thermalization

Abstract

We celebrate the legacies of our friend and mentor Professor Lianshou Liu who was one of the pioneers for the phenomenology of multi-particle interactions and initiated the physics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions in China. In this article, we discuss some of the recent exciting experimental observations on the collective phenomena including collectivity, chirality, criticality, strangeness production, and thermal equilibrium in high-energy nuclear collisions. Future directions, especially the physics at high baryon density, will be discussed with a focus on the first-order phase boundary and hyperon-nucleon interactions.