Enhancing the Properties of Plasma Activated Water using an Air Bubble Diffuser

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that using an air bubble diffuser during plasma-activated water production significantly enhances its physicochemical properties and reactive species concentrations, improving its potential applications in various fields.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method of incorporating an air bubbler in plasma water generation, leading to improved physicochemical properties and reactive species yields.

Findings

Bubbler fitting at the plasma jet tip increases reactive species in PAW.

Water agitation with a bubbler transforms filamentary DBD to diffusive DBD, enhancing discharge current.

Optimized parameters yield maximum NO2, NO3, H2O2, and O3 concentrations in PAW.

Abstract

In this study, the impact of an air bubbler on the properties of plasma-activated water (PAW) was investigated in different configurations. A pencil plasma jet (PPJ) using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was used to prepare PAW. In one configuration, the air bubbler was fitted at the tip of the pencil plasma jet, causing the discharge gases to emerge as bubbles in the water. In another configuration, the water was agitated using the bubbler during plasma-water interaction. The plasma generated in the PPJ setup was a filamentary DBD micro-discharge. However, water agitation using the bubbler changed this filamentary DBD to a diffusive DBD, which showed higher discharge current and lower electrode voltage compared to filamentary DBD. PAW produced using the fitted bubbler in the PPJ setup showed enhanced physicochemical properties, including NO2, NO3, dissolved O3, and non-traceable H2O2 compared to PAW produced without a bubbler. Additionally, PAW produced using water agitation by the bubbler showed a substantial increase in physicochemical properties and reactive species concentrations. The PAW process parameters such as air flow rate, plasma-water treatment time, and plasma discharge power showed monotonically increasing properties of PAW. The maximum concentrations of NO2, NO3, H2O2, and dissolved O3 (flow rate: 20 L/min, time: 5 min, power: 15 W) observed in this study were 0.334 g/L, 0.078 g/L, 0.045 g/L, and 0.016 g/L, respectively. This enhancement in the properties of PAW using a bubbler adds value to the current PAW technology in fields such as microbial inactivation, medicine, agriculture, and aquaculture, etc.