On the Arrow of Time and Organized Complexity in the Universe
Tatsuaki Okamoto

TL;DR
This paper proposes a new macroscopic law of increasing organized complexity in certain non-equilibrium systems, offering an alternative perspective to entropy on the arrow of time and explaining the universe's fine-tuning for complexity.
Contribution
It introduces a novel formulation of the arrow of time based on increasing organized complexity, distinct from entropy, and applies it to the universe and Earth's biosphere.
Findings
Formulates a law of increasing organized complexity for non-equilibrium systems.
Provides a new explanation for the universe's fine-tuning based on complexity emergence.
Develops a methodology linking observation systems and complexity without dependence on specific observations.
Abstract
There is a widespread assumption that the universe in general, and the Earth's biosphere in particular, is becoming more complex over time. This paper formulates this assumption as a macroscopic law, the law of increasing complexity, for a system over a finite time span. It hypothesizes that this macroscopic law emerges in certain non-equilibrium systems with abundant free energy flows, such as the observable universe and the Earth's biosphere. We distinguish between two types of complexity: disorganized and organized. The complexity associated with this assumption is organized complexity. To formulate this law, we employ a quantitative definition of organized complexity as applied to probability distributions. We represent any object of complexity as the source of its observed value, which is expressed as a probability distribution; this enables a unified treatment of diverse objects.…
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Taxonomy
TopicsEarth Systems and Cosmic Evolution · Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics · Complex Systems and Decision Making
