Revisiting the history of the evolution of the universe from radiation dominated to dark energy dominated

TL;DR

This paper explores how neutrinos, coupled with dark energy, influence the universe's transition from radiation to matter and then to dark energy domination, highlighting their role in cosmic evolution and large-scale structure formation.

Contribution

It introduces a model coupling neutrinos with dark energy to analyze their impact on the universe's evolution across different eras, emphasizing neutrinos' significant role.

Findings

Neutrinos affect the universe's expansion history and structure growth.

Coupling of neutrinos with dark energy influences transition epochs.

Non-relativistic neutrinos impact bulk flow directions at various scales.

Abstract

Most of our knowledge of the universe has been obtained from the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background and observations of large-scale structures. During the history of the Universe, neutrinos from the early Universe evolve from a relativistic phase at very early times to a massive-particle behavior at later times. The mass of neutrinos affects the history of the expansion of the universe and the growth of the disturbances of the various components of the cosmic microwave background, therefore the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic radiation and the observations of the large-scale structures. In this article, by using the coupling of neutrinos with dark energy, we investigate the cosmic evolution from the era of matter dominated to the era of dark energy dominated and show that neutrinos can play an important role in the evolution from radiation dominated to matter dominated and the evolution from Matter dominated to dark energy dominated. Also, we investigate the effect of non-relativistic neutrino on bulk flow and show that the direction of bulk flow has a little difference in scales smaller than 0.1, and the more we consider the scales higher than the local universe, the more difference is observed in the direction of bulk flow.