Centre vortex structure in the presence of dynamical fermions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the inclusion of dynamical fermions alters the geometry, structure, and clustering of centre vortices in gauge fields, providing new visualizations and a graph-based representation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel graph-based representation of vortex branching and analyzes the impact of dynamical fermions on vortex structures and clustering.

Findings

Differences in vortex cluster sizes between pure Yang-Mills and dynamical fermion cases.

Visualizations of vortex structures and percolating clusters.

Vortex branching modeled as a binomial process.

Abstract

An analysis of the geometry and structure of centre vortices in the presence of dynamical fermions is performed. A variety of metrics are used to measure the matrix structure of the vortex-modified gauge fields. Visualisations of centre vortices are presented and percolating clusters are identified. The size of secondary vortex clusters is analysed, with substantial differences observed between the pure Yang-Mills and dynamical fermion case. Vortex fields are represented as directed graphs, with branching points acting as the vertices. This representation leads to a novel picture of vortex branching as a binomial process. These results elucidate the change in the centre vortex vacuum induced by the introduction of dynamical fermions.