Improved noise performance from the next-generation buried-channel p-Mosfet SiSeROs

TL;DR

This paper reports on the development of a buried-channel SiSeRO with significantly improved noise performance, achieving around 4.5 electrons RMS, suitable for advanced astronomical X-ray imaging.

Contribution

The work introduces a buried-channel SiSeRO that substantially reduces noise compared to previous surface-channel prototypes, advancing on-chip charge detection technology.

Findings

Achieved 4.5 electrons RMS noise performance

Demonstrated 132 eV energy resolution at 5.9 keV

Showed potential for further noise reduction with digital filtering

Abstract

The Single electron Sensitive Read Out (SiSeRO) is a novel on-chip charge detector output stage for charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors. Developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, this technology uses a p-MOSFET transistor with a depleted internal gate beneath the transistor channel. The transistor source-drain current is modulated by the transfer of charge into the internal gate. At Stanford, we have developed a readout module based on the drain current of the on-chip transistor to characterize the device. In our earlier work, we characterized a number of first prototype SiSeROs with the MOSFET transistor channels at the surface layer. An equivalent noise charge (ENC) of around 15 electrons root mean square (RMS) was obtained. In this work, we examine the first buried-channel SiSeRO. We have achieved substantially improved noise performance of around 4.5 electrons root mean square (RMS) and a full width half maximum (FWHM) energy resolution of 132 eV at 5.9 keV, for a readout speed of 625 kpixel/s. We also discuss how digital filtering techniques can be used to further improve the SiSeRO noise performance. Additional measurements and device simulations will be essential to further mature the SiSeRO technology. This new device class presents an exciting new technology for the next-generation astronomical X-ray telescopes requiring fast, low-noise, radiation-hard megapixel imagers with moderate spectroscopic resolution.