The gap equations of background field invariant Refined Gribov-Zwanziger action proposals and the deconfinement transition

TL;DR

This paper extends the Gribov-Zwanziger model to finite temperature with background gauge fields, analyzing deconfinement transition and critical temperature predictions using two methods, with the Wilson-loop dressed approach being more effective.

Contribution

It introduces a finite-temperature analysis of the Gribov-Zwanziger model incorporating background gauge invariance and compares two methods for estimating the deconfinement transition.

Findings

The Wilson-loop dressed method outperforms the other in estimating critical temperatures.

The approach correctly predicts the order of the deconfinement transition for N=2, 3.

The model provides insights into the Yang-Mills phase structure at finite temperature.

Abstract

In earlier work, we set up an effective potential approach at zero temperature for the Gribov-Zwanziger model that takes into account not only the restriction to the first Gribov region as a way to deal with the gauge fixing ambiguity, but also the effect of dynamical dimension-two vacuum condensates. Here, we investigate the model at finite temperature in presence of a background gauge field that allows access to the Polyakov loop expectation value and the Yang-Mills (de)confinement phase structure. This necessitates paying attention to BRST and background gauge invariance of the whole construct. We employ two such methods as proposed elsewhere in literature: one based on using an appropriate dressed, BRST invariant, gluon field by the authors and one based on a Wilson-loop dressed Gribov-Zwanziger auxiliary field sector by Kroff and Reinosa. The latter approach outperforms the former, in estimating the critical temperature for N=2, 3 as well as correctly predicting the order of the transition for both cases.