DAHe white dwarfs from the DESI survey

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery and analysis of 21 new DAHe white dwarfs with Zeeman-split emission lines, revealing their magnetic properties, periods, and clustering on the Gaia diagram, and discusses their potential formation scenarios.

Contribution

It introduces a new sample of DAHe white dwarfs from DESI, providing detailed magnetic field and period measurements, and suggests a method for discovering more of these objects.

Findings

DAHe white dwarfs have magnetic fields of 6.5 to 147 MG.

They exhibit periods ranging from 0.4 to 36 hours.

DAHe systems cluster on the Gaia HR diagram, indicating late cooling times.

Abstract

A new class of white dwarfs, dubbed DAHe, that present Zeeman-split Balmer lines in emission has recently emerged. However, the physical origin of these emission lines remains unclear. We present here a sample of 21 newly identified DAHe systems and determine magnetic field strengths and (for a subset) periods which span the ranges of ~ 6.5 -- 147 MG and ~ 0.4 -- 36 h respectively. All but four of these systems were identified from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey sample of more than 47000 white dwarf candidates observed during its first year of observations. We present detailed analysis of the new DAHe WDJ161634.36+541011.51 with a spin period of 95.3 min, which exhibits an anti-correlation between broadband flux and Balmer line strength that is typically observed for this class of systems. All DAHe systems cluster closely on the Gaia Hertzsprung-Russell diagram where they represent ~ 1 per cent of white dwarfs within that region. This grouping further solidifies their unexplained emergence at relatively late cooling times and we discuss this in context of current formation theories. Nine of the new DAHe systems are identifiable from SDSS spectra of white dwarfs that had been previously classified as featureless DC-type systems. We suggest high S/N, unbiased observations of DCs as a possible route for discovering additional DAHe systems.