Event-triggered Hybrid Energy-aware Scheduling in Manufacturing Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces an event-triggered hybrid energy-aware scheduling framework for manufacturing systems that balances robustness and computational efficiency by combining off-line and on-line scheduling with a novel partially-dispatchable state concept.

Contribution

It proposes a new hybrid scheduling approach with an event-triggered structure and partially-dispatchable state to improve robustness and reduce computational costs in renewable energy-integrated manufacturing.

Findings

Reduces rescheduling frequency and computational costs.

Enhances system robustness under uncertain renewable energy conditions.

Demonstrates effectiveness through simulation of a complex manufacturing system.

Abstract

Incorporating renewable energy sources (RESs) into manufacturing systems has been an active research area in order to address many challenges originating from the unpredictable nature of RESs such as photovoltaics.In the energy-aware scheduling for manufacturing systems, the traditional off-line scheduling techniques cannot always work well due to their lack of robustness with respect to uncertainties coming from imprecise models or unexpected situations. On the other hand, on-line scheduling or rescheduling, which can improve the robustness by using the model and the latest measurements simultaneously, suffer from a high computational cost. This work proposes a hybrid scheduling framework, which combines the advantages of both off-line scheduling and on-line scheduling, to provide a balanced solution between robustness and computational cost. A novel concept of partially-dispatchable state is introduced. It can be treated as a constant in scheduling when the model works well. When the model does not work well, it is triggered as the variable to tune to improve the performance. Such an event-triggered structure can reduce the number of rescheduling and computational costs while achieving a reasonable performance and enhancing system robustness. Moreover, the choice of partially-dispatchable state also provides an extra design freedom in achieving green manufacturing. Simulation examples on a manufacturing system, of which consists a 100-kW solar photovoltaic system, a 10-machine flow shop production line, a 50-kWh energy storage system, a 100-kW gas turbine, and the grid for power supply, demonstrating the validity and applicability of this event-triggered hybrid scheduling (ETHS) framework.