Contactless actuators and pyramid wavefront sensor, the SPLATT concept for space active optics: an overview of the project and the last laboratory results

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel approach for space active optics using contactless actuators and a pyramid wavefront sensor, validated through laboratory experiments and simulations, aiming to improve stability and reduce vibrations in space telescopes.

Contribution

The paper introduces a combined system of contactless actuators and a pyramid wavefront sensor for space telescopes, demonstrating vibration suppression and high-sensitivity wavefront correction through lab tests and simulations.

Findings

Contactless actuators effectively suppress high-frequency vibrations.

The pyramid wavefront sensor shows high sensitivity at low-mid spatial scales.

Laboratory tests validate the vibration reduction capability of the system.

Abstract

In the last few years the concept of an active space telescope has been greatly developed, to meet demanding requirements with a substantial reduction of tolerances, risks and costs. This is the frame of the LATT project (an ESA TRP) and its follow-up SPLATT (an INAF funded R&D project). Within the SPLATT activities, we outline a novel approach and investigate, both via simulations and in the optical laboratory, two main elements: an active segmented primary with contactless actuators and a pyramid wavefront sensor (PWFS) to drive the correction chain. The key point is the synergy between them: the sensitivity of the PWFS and the intrinsic stability of a contactless-actuated mirror segment. Voice-coil, contactless actuators are in facts a natural decoupling layer between the payload and the optical surface and can suppress the high frequency vibration as we verified in the lab. We subjected a 40 cm diameter prototype with 19 actuators to an externally injected vibration spectrum; we then measured optically the reduction of vibrations when the optical surface is floating controlled by the actuators, thus validating the concept at the first stage of the design. The PWFS, which is largely adopted on ground-based telescope, is a pupil-conjugated sensor and offers a user-selectable sampling and capture range, in order to match different use cases; it is also more sensitive than Shack-Hartmann sensor especially at the low-mid spatial scales. We run a set of numerical simulations with the PWFS measuring the misalignment and phase steps of a JWST-like primary mirrors: we investigated the PWFS sensitivity in the sub-nanometer regime in presence of photon and detector noise, and with guide star magnitudes in the range 8 to 14. In the paper we discuss the outcomes of the project and present a possible roadmap for further developments.