Covert Communication in Hybrid Microwave/mmWave A2G Systems with Transmission Mode Selection

TL;DR

This paper explores covert communication strategies in UAV-based air-to-ground systems, analyzing transmission modes and proposing a hybrid approach that enhances covert data rates while maintaining low detectability.

Contribution

It introduces a hybrid OM/DM transmission mode with adaptive selection, optimizing covert performance metrics in UAV A2G systems.

Findings

Hybrid OM/DM mode outperforms pure modes in covert performance.

Theoretical analysis links transmit rate and power to covert metrics.

Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of adaptive mode selection.

Abstract

This paper investigates the covert communication in an air-to-ground (A2G) system, where a UAV (Alice) can adopt the omnidirectional microwave (OM) or directional mmWave (DM) transmission mode to transmit covert data to a ground user (Bob) while suffering from the detection of an adversary (Willie). For both the OM and DM modes, we first conduct theoretical analysis to reveal the inherent relationship between the transmit rate/transmit power and basic covert performance metrics in terms of detection error probability (DEP), effective covert rate (ECR), and covert Shannon capacity (CSC). To facilitate the transmission mode selection at Alice, we then explore the optimization of transmit rate and transmit power for ECR/CSC maximization under the OM and DM modes, and further propose a hybrid OM/DM transmission mode which allows the UAV to adaptively select between the OM and DM modes to achieve the maximum ECR and CSC at a given location of UAV. Finally, extensive numerical results are provided to illustrate the covert performances of the concerned A2G system under different transmission modes, and demonstrate that the hybrid OM/DM transmission mode outperforms the pure OM or DM mode in terms of covert performance.