Dwarf Galaxies United by Dark Bosons
Alvaro Pozo, Tom Broadhurst, George F. Smoot, Tzihong Chiueh, and Hoang Nhan Luu, Mark Vogelsberger, Philip Mocz

TL;DR
This paper proposes that dark matter in dwarf galaxies consists of multiple ultra-light bosons, forming soliton cores that explain observed galaxy properties and suggest a connection to string theory's axiverse.
Contribution
It introduces a model where different dwarf galaxy classes are explained by distinct boson masses, supported by observational data and simulations, indicating multiple boson species in dark matter.
Findings
Core radius inversely related to velocity dispersion, consistent with Bose-Einstein condensate behavior.
Different dwarf classes have distinct boson masses, differing by an order of magnitude.
Soliton core profiles match observed stellar distributions and simulation predictions.
Abstract
Low mass galaxies in the Local Group are dominated by dark matter and comprise the well studied ``dwarf Spheroidal" (dSph) class, with typical masses of and also the equally numerous ``ultra faint dwarfs" (UFD), discovered recently, that are distinctly smaller and denser with masses of only . This bimodality amongst low mass galaxies contrasts with the scale free continuity expected for galaxies formed under gravity, as in the standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model for heavy particles. Within each dwarf class we find the core radius is inversely related to velocity dispersion , quite the opposite of standard expectations, but indicative of dark matter in a Bose-Einstein state, where the Uncertainty Principle requires is fixed by Planks constant, . The corresponding boson mass, , differs by one…
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