KiDS-1000: cross-correlation with Planck cosmic microwave background lensing and intrinsic alignment removal with self-calibration

TL;DR

This paper examines how intrinsic alignments impact galaxy shear-CMB lensing cross-correlations in KiDS data, demonstrating that self-calibration effectively reduces degeneracies and improves cosmological parameter estimates.

Contribution

It introduces and validates an intrinsic alignment self-calibration method that breaks degeneracies in galaxy-CMB lensing cross-correlation analyses, enhancing the robustness of cosmological inferences.

Findings

Self-calibration reduces degeneracy between $A_{\rm lens}$ and $A_{\rm IA}$.

Including self-calibration constrains $A_{\rm IA}$ and $A_{\rm lens}$ more effectively.

Proper modeling of systematics like boost factor and redshift is crucial for accurate results.

Abstract

Galaxy shear - cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing convergence cross-correlations contain additional information on cosmology to auto-correlations. While being immune to certain systematic effects, they are affected by the galaxy intrinsic alignments (IA). This may be responsible for the reported low lensing amplitude of the galaxy shear $\times$ CMB convergence cross-correlations, compared to the standard Planck $\Lambda$CDM (cosmological constant and cold dark matter) cosmology prediction. In this work, we investigate how IA affects the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) galaxy lensing shear - Planck CMB lensing convergence cross-correlation and compare it to previous treatments with or without IA taken into consideration. More specifically, we compare marginalization over IA parameters and the IA self-calibration (SC) method (with additional observables defined only from the source galaxies) and prove that SC can efficiently break the degeneracy between the CMB lensing amplitude $A_{\rm lens}$ and the IA amplitude $A_{\rm IA}$. We further investigate how different systematics affect the resulting $A_{\rm IA}$ and $A_{\rm lens}$, and validate our results with the MICE2 simulation. We find that by including the SC method to constrain IA, the information loss due to the degeneracy between CMB lensing and IA is strongly reduced. The best-fit values are $A_{\rm lens}=0.84^{+0.22}_{-0.22}$ and $A_{\rm IA}=0.60^{+1.03}_{-1.03}$, while different angular scale cuts can affect $A_{\rm lens}$ by $\sim10\%$. We show that appropriate treatment of the boost factor, cosmic magnification, and photometric redshift modeling is important for obtaining the correct IA and cosmological results.