Dynamical galactic effects induced by stable vortex structure in bosonic dark matter

TL;DR

This paper investigates how stable vortex structures in bosonic dark matter can influence galactic dynamics, revealing that core vorticity induces gravimagnetic effects that alter orbital velocities and celestial trajectories.

Contribution

It introduces a model of bosonic dark matter with vortex cores and analyzes their gravitational effects using gravitoelectromagnetism, highlighting the impact of core vorticity on galaxy structure.

Findings

Vortex cores in bosonic DM reduce orbital velocities in galactic disks.

Core vorticity induces gravimagnetic perturbations affecting celestial dynamics.

Vortex structures modify the gravitational field compared to non-rotating halos.

Abstract

The nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the unsolved mysteries of modern physics. An intriguing possibility is to assume that DM consists of ultralight bosonic particles in the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state. We study stationary DM structures by using the system of the Gross-Pitaevskii and Poisson equations, including the effective temperature effect with parameters chosen to describe the Milky Way galaxy. We have investigated DM structure with BEC core and isothermal envelope. We compare the spherically symmetric and vortex core states, which allows us to analyze the impact of the core vorticity on the halo density, velocity distribution, and, therefore, its gravitational field. Gravitational field calculation is done in the gravitoelectromagnetism approach to include the impact of the core rotation, which induces a gravimagnetic field. As result, the halo with a vortex core is characterized by smaller orbital velocity in the galactic disk region in comparison with the non-rotating halo. It is found that the core vorticity produces gravimagnetic perturbation of celestial body dynamics, which can modify the circular trajectories.