Effect of transverse confinement on a quasi-one dimensional dipolar Bose gas

TL;DR

This paper investigates how transverse confinement influences a quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Bose gas, revealing a transition from quasi-1D to strictly 1D behavior and identifying a sub-one-dimensional droplet phase.

Contribution

It introduces an improved variational Bethe ansatz that accounts for transverse width, providing new insights into dimensional crossover and droplet formation in dipolar Bose gases.

Findings

System transitions from quasi-1D to 1D with varying parameters.

Droplet phase becomes sub-one-dimensional under strong transverse confinement.

Transverse width critically affects the system's dimensional behavior.

Abstract

We study a gas of bosonic dipolar atoms in the presence of a transverse harmonic trapping potential by using an improved variational Bethe ansatz, which includes the transverse width of the atomic cloud as a variational parameter. Our calculations show that the system behavior evolves from quasi-one dimensional to a strictly one-dimensional one by changing the atom-atom interaction, or the axial density, or the frequency of the transverse confinement. Quite remarkably, in the droplet phase induced by the attractive dipolar interaction the system becomes sub-one dimensional when the transverse width is smaller than the characteristic length of the transverse harmonic confinement.