Design, fabrication and large scale qualification of cosmic muon veto scintillator detectors

TL;DR

This paper details the design, fabrication, and large-scale testing of plastic scintillator-based muon veto detectors for the INO experiment, aiming for high efficiency in cosmic muon detection at shallow depths.

Contribution

It presents a comprehensive approach to manufacturing and qualifying over 700 extruded plastic scintillator strips with embedded wavelength shifting fibers for a large-scale cosmic muon veto system.

Findings

Achieved >99.99% veto efficiency in tests.

Developed a cosmic ray muon telescope for component qualification.

Successfully fabricated and tested all detector components.

Abstract

The INO collaboration is designing a cosmic muon veto detector (CMVD) to cover the mini-ICAL detector which is operational at the IICHEP transit campus, Madurai in South India. The aim of the CMVD is to study the feasibility of building an experiment to record rare events at a shallow depth of around 100 m, and use plastic scintillators to veto atmospheric muons from those produced by the rare interactions within the target mass of the detector. The efficiency of such a veto detector should be better than 99.99% and false positive rate of less than $10^{-5}$. The CMVD is being built using extruded plastic scintillator (EPS) strips to detect and tag atmospheric muons. More than 700 EPS strips are required to build the CMVD. Two EPS strips are pasted together to make a di-counter (DC) and wavelength shifting fibres are embedded inside the EPS strips to trap the scintillation light generated by a passing cosmic ray muon and transmit it as secondary photons to the Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) mounted at the two ends of the DCs. Since the efficiency requirement of the veto detector is rather high, it is imperative to thoroughly test each and every component used for building the CMVD. A cosmic ray muon telescope has been setup using the DCs to qualify all the DCs that will be fabricated. In this paper we will discuss the details of the design and fabrication of the DCs, and the cosmic muon setup and the electronics used for their testing and the test results.