A Kriging Metamodel with Adaptive Sampling for Seismic Evaluation of Podium Buildings

TL;DR

This paper develops an adaptive kriging metamodel to efficiently identify seismic performance regions of wood-frame podium buildings, enabling reliable performance-based seismic design with fewer analyses.

Contribution

It introduces a tailored adaptive sampling approach within a kriging metamodel for seismic evaluation of podium buildings, improving computational efficiency.

Findings

Reliable seismic performance region identified for specific building ratios.

Two-step analysis procedure validated with high confidence.

Normalized stiffness ratio threshold established at 38.

Abstract

In this paper, nonlinear time-history dynamic analyses of selected earthquake ground motions are conducted on designated wood-frame podium buildings and the resulting inter-story drifts are analyzed. We aim to construct a reliable region where performance-based seismic design criteria are met, such that a two-step analysis procedure can be used with high confidence. We develop a kriging metamodel with tailored adaptive sampling methods to achieve this goal in a computationally efficient manner. The input variables we consider are the normalized stiffness ratio and the normalized mass ratio of the podium building. We took a six-story wood frame built upon a one-story concrete podium as a case study for our methodology, where our results indicate that the two-step analysis procedure may be used with high confidence if its normalized stiffness ratio is at least 38 and its normalized mass ratio is between 0.5 and 1.5.