Dynamics of imbalanced quasi-one-dimensional binary Bose-Einstein condensate in external potentials

TL;DR

This paper investigates the dynamics of imbalanced binary Bose-Einstein condensates in one-dimensional traps, analyzing stable localized states, including novel dark-bright solitons, using numerical and variational methods.

Contribution

It introduces a variational approach to find stationary states and vibrational frequencies, and identifies new dark-bright solitons in imbalanced mixtures with repulsive interactions.

Findings

Existence of stable symbiotic solitons in the system.

Discovery of a new type of dark-bright solitons under repulsive interactions.

Frequency of localized state vibrations reveals inter-component coupling strength.

Abstract

In the framework of coupled 1D Gross-Pitaevskii equations, we explore the dynamics of a binary Bose-Einstein condensate where the intra-component interaction is repulsive, while the inter-component one is attractive. The existence regimes of stable self-trapped localized states in the form of symbiotic solitons have been analyzed. Imbalanced mixtures, where the number of atoms in one component exceeds the number of atoms in the other component, are considered in parabolic potential and box-like trap. When all the intra-species and inter-species interactions are repulsive, we numerically find a new type of symbiotic solitons resembling dark-bright solitons. A variational approach has been developed which allows us to find the stationary state of the system and frequency of small amplitude dynamics near the equilibrium. It is shown that the strength of inter-component coupling can be retrieved from the frequency of the localized state's vibrations.