Robust multi-party semi-quantum private comparison protocols with decoherence-free states against collective noises

TL;DR

This paper introduces two multi-party semi-quantum private comparison protocols leveraging decoherence-free states to effectively counteract collective noises, with simulations validating their robustness and security.

Contribution

The paper proposes novel semi-quantum protocols based on decoherence-free states that resist specific collective noises and are secure against various attacks.

Findings

Protocols successfully resist collective-dephasing and collective-rotation noises.

Simulations on IBM Quantum Experience demonstrate protocol feasibility.

Protocols withstand external and internal security threats.

Abstract

Based on decoherence-free states, two multi-party semi-quantum private comparison protocols are proposed to counteract collective noises. One could resist the collective-dephasing noise well, whereas the other could resist the collective-rotation noise. Multiple classical participants could compare their secret information by performing the proposed protocols once. It is manifested that the proposed protocols could resist both external attacks and internal attacks. Besides, the operations of our protocols were simulated on the IBM Quantum Experience.