Efficient construction of involutory linear combinations of anti-commuting Pauli generators for large-scale iterative qubit coupled cluster calculations

TL;DR

This paper introduces an efficient method to construct anti-commutative Pauli generator sets from commutative X-only operators, enabling scalable quantum chemistry calculations with large qubit systems.

Contribution

The authors develop a linear-time algorithm for constructing anti-commutative Pauli sets from X-only generators, facilitating large-scale qubit coupled cluster calculations.

Findings

Successfully applied to water molecule with 36 qubits

Achieved dissociation calculations for N₂ with 56 qubits

Demonstrated improved scalability in quantum chemistry simulations

Abstract

We present an efficient method for construction of a fully anti-commutative set of Pauli generators (elements of the Pauli group) from a commutative set of operators that are composed exclusively from Pauli $\hat x_i$ operators (purely X generators) and sorted by an associated numerical measure, such as absolute energy gradients. Our approach uses the Gauss-Jordan elimination applied to a binary matrix that encodes the set of X generators to bring it to the reduced row echelon form, followed by the construction of an anti-commutative system in a standard basis by means of a modified Jordan-Wigner transformation and returning to the original basis. The algorithm complexity is linear in the size of the X set and quadratic in the number of qubits. The resulting anti-commutative sets are used to construct the qubit coupled cluster Ansatz with involutory linear combinations of anti-commuting Paulis (QCC-ILCAP) proposed in [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 17, 1, 66-78]. We applied the iterative qubit coupled cluster method with the QCC-ILCAP Ansatz to calculations of ground-state potential energy curves for symmetric stretching of the water molecule (36 qubits) and dissociation of N$_2$ (56 qubits).