Forty Thousand Kilometers Under Quantum Protection

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel approach to extend the secure range of quantum key distribution by using optical amplifiers based on thermodynamic principles, bypassing the need for quantum repeaters.

Contribution

It introduces a new method for long-distance quantum communication leveraging thermodynamics and optical amplification to maintain quantum states over unprecedented distances.

Findings

Achieved secure quantum communication over significantly longer distances.

Demonstrated phase coherence preservation during optical amplification.

Provided a scalable framework for future quantum-resistant networks.

Abstract

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary cryptography response to the rapidly growing cyberattacks threat posed by quantum computing. Yet, the roadblock limiting the vast expanse of secure quantum communication is the exponential decay of the transmitted quantum signal with the distance. Today's quantum cryptography is trying to solve this problem by focusing on quantum repeaters. However, efficient and secure quantum repetition at sufficient distances is still far beyond modern technology. Here, we shift the paradigm and build the long-distance security of the QKD upon the quantum foundations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and end-to-end physical oversight over the transmitted optical quantum states. Our approach enables us to realize quantum states' repetition by optical amplifiers keeping states' wave properties and phase coherence. The unprecedented secure distance range attainable through our approach opens the door for the development of scalable quantum-resistant communication networks of the future.