Bioabsorbable WE43 Mg alloy wires modified by continuous plasma-electrolytic oxidation for implant applications. Part I: processing, microstructure and mechanical properties

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel continuous process combining cold drawing, heat treatment, and plasma-electrolytic oxidation to produce bioabsorbable WE43 magnesium alloy wires with tailored surface properties and maintained mechanical strength for biomedical use.

Contribution

It presents the first continuous plasma-electrolytic oxidation process for magnesium wires, enhancing surface properties while preserving mechanical integrity.

Findings

Oxide layer thickness controlled within 20 seconds.

Surface modification slightly reduces tensile strength but maintains ~300 MPa.

Oxide composition and porosity can be tailored by electrical parameters.

Abstract

In our work, a novel processing strategy for the continuous fabrication and surface modification of wires from Magnesium alloy WE43 by means of plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is presented. In the first step, wires with a strong basal texture and small grain size ($\approx$ 1 $\mu$m) were manufactured by combined cold drawing and in-line stress-relief heat treatment steps that optimized the mechanical properties (in terms of strength and ductility) by means of annealing. In a second step, and to the best of our knowledge for the first time ever, the wires were continuously surface-modified with a novel plasma electrolytic oxidation process, which was able to create a homogeneous porous oxide layer made of MgO and Mg$_3$(PO4)$_2$ on the wire surface. While the oxide layer slightly diminished the tensile properties, the strength of the surface-modified wires could be maintained close to 300 MPa with a strain-to-failure $\approx$ 8\%. Furthermore, the thickness of the oxide layer could be controlled by immersion time within the electrolytic bath and was adjusted to realize a thicknesses of $\approx$ 8 $\mu$m, which could be obtained in $<$ 20 s. Our experiments showed that the chemical composition, morphology and porosity of the oxide layer could be tailored by changing electrical parameters. The combined cold drawing and heat treatment process with additional continuous plasma electrolytic oxidation processing can be upscaled to produce a novel generation of bioabsorbable Mg wires with optimized mechanical, degradation and biological performance for use in biomedical applications.