pH-dependent water permeability switching and its memory in 1T' MoS$_2$ membranes

TL;DR

This study demonstrates pH-dependent hysteresis in water and ion transport through phase-changing 1T' MoS$_2$ membranes, enabling memory effects and potential applications in smart filtration and diagnostics.

Contribution

It reveals the unique hysteretic water permeability switching in 1T' MoS$_2$ membranes driven by surface charge and phase change, a novel property for synthetic membranes.

Findings

Water permeation rate switches by orders of magnitude with pH.

Hysteresis is specific to the 1T' phase of MoS$_2$.

Potential applications in wound monitoring and nanofiltration.

Abstract

Intelligent transport of molecular species across different barriers is critical for various biological functions and is achieved through the unique properties of biological membranes. An essential feature of intelligent transport is the ability to adapt to different external and internal conditions and also the ability to memorise the previous state. In biological systems, the most common form of such intelligence is expressed as hysteresis. Despite numerous advances made over previous decades on smart membranes, it is still a challenge for a synthetic membrane to display stable hysteretic behaviour for molecular transport. Here we show the memory effects and stimuli regulated transport of molecules through an intelligent phase changing MoS$_2$ membrane in response to external pH. We show that water and ion permeation through 1T' MoS$_2$ membranes follows a pH dependent hysteresis with a permeation rate that switches by a few orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that this phenomenon is unique to the 1T' phase of MoS$_2$ due to the presence of surface charge and exchangeable ions on the surface. We further demonstrate the potential application of this phenomenon in autonomous wound infection monitoring and pH-dependent nanofiltration. Our work significantly deepens understanding of the mechanism of water transport at the nanoscale and opens an avenue for developing neuromorphic applications, smart drug delivery systems, point-of-care diagnostics, smart sensors, and intelligent filtration devices.