Temperature of the hot $\alpha$-source: a guidance to probe the Bose-Einstein condensation of $\alpha$ clusters in the heavy-ion collision

TL;DR

This paper develops a harmonic oscillator model to analyze the temperature of multi-alpha sources in heavy-ion collisions, explaining why Bose-Einstein condensation signatures are absent and guiding future experimental searches.

Contribution

It introduces a model to estimate the temperature of multi-alpha sources and predicts the critical temperature for alpha condensation, aiding future experimental efforts.

Findings

Multi-alpha sources have near-zero ground state occupation.

Current experiments observe high temperatures above the critical point.

Predicted critical temperature guides future BEC detection in heavy-ion collisions.

Abstract

Recent experimental efforts were made to explore the Bose-Einstein condensation in multi-$\alpha$ system using the heavy-ion collisions. This Letter provides a explanation why no signatures were observed and a guidance for future experiments. More precisely, a harmonic oscillator model is developed to study the multi-$\alpha$ source at or near zero temperature. The temperature and particle population of the multi-$\alpha$ sources observed in the current experiments are extracted. It is found that almost no $\alpha$ particles occupy the ground state in those multi-$\alpha$ sources. The critical temperature for the multi-$\alpha$-condensed states are predicted, which provides a guidance for the future experiments to probe the Bose-Einstein condensation of $\alpha$ clusters in the heavy-ion collisions.