Thermal capillary waves on bounded nanoscale thin films

TL;DR

This study investigates how confining walls affect thermal capillary wave fluctuations in nanoscale thin films using stochastic equations, stability analysis, MD simulations, and a new Langevin model, revealing confinement impacts on fluctuation amplitudes.

Contribution

It introduces a combined theoretical and simulation approach to understand confinement effects on nanoscale film surface fluctuations, including a novel Langevin model for contact line oscillations.

Findings

Confinement influences the entire film's fluctuation behavior.

Wave mode length scale constraints affect fluctuation amplitudes.

Theoretical predictions agree well with MD simulation results.

Abstract

The effect of confining walls on the fluctuation of a nanoscale thin film's free surface is studied using stochastic thin-film equations (STFEs). Two canonical boundary conditions are employed to reveal the influence of the confinement: (1) an imposed contact angle and (2) a pinned contact line. A linear stability analysis provides the wave eigenmodes, after which thermal-capillary-wave theory predicts the wave fluctuation amplitudes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to test the predictions, and a Langevin diffusion model is proposed to capture oscillations of the contact lines observed in MD simulations. Good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the MD simulation results is recovered, and it is discovered that confinement can influence the entire film. Notably, a constraint on the length scale of wave modes is found to affect fluctuation amplitudes from our theoretical model, especially for 3D films. This opens up challenges and future lines of inquiry.