Sc2CX (X=N2, ON, O2) MXenes as a promising anode material: A first-principles study

TL;DR

This study uses first-principles simulations to evaluate Sc2CX MXenes as promising anode materials for Na-ion batteries, highlighting their favorable electronic, diffusion, and capacity properties compared to existing 2D materials.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed theoretical analysis of Sc2CX MXenes' potential as anode materials, identifying their structural stability and electrochemical advantages.

Findings

Sc2CON and Sc2CN2 are metallic and suitable as anode materials.

Sc2CN2 shows better Na diffusion behavior with no clustering.

Sc2CON has a high capacity and low diffusion barriers, outperforming many current 2D materials.

Abstract

MXenes' tunable properties make them excellent candidates for many applications in future nanoelectronics. In this work, we explore the suitability of Sc$_2$CX (X=N$_2$, ON, O$_2$) MXenes to act as the active anode materials in Na-ion based batteries (NIBs) by means of \textsl{ab initio} simulations. After analyzing the structural and elastic properties of all the possible models to evaluate the energetically favorable N and O functionalization sites, our calculations show that both Sc$_2$CON and Sc$_2$CN$_2$ present a clear metallic character, making them potential candidates as anode materials. The investigation of the most relevant features for anode performance, such as the adsorption and diffusion of Na atoms, the intrinsic capacity, the open circuit voltage, and the storage capacity show that both systems are serious alternatives to the most common 2D materials currently employed in alkali metal batteries. In particular, Sc$_2$CN$_2$ presents a better diffusion behavior thanks to the absence of Na clustering on its surface, with optimal diffusion barriers comparable to other 2D materials such as MoN$_2$, while the values of diffusion barriers for Sc$_2$CON are at least three times smaller than those found for other anode candidates. Similarly, while the capacity of Sc$_2$CON is close to the one reported for 2D Sc$_2$C, Sc$_2$CN$_2$ possesses a power density more than twice higher than the ones of 2D materials such as Sc$_2$C, graphite, and MoS$_2$. Our results thus confirm the urge for further experimental exploration of the MXene Sc$_2$CX (X=N$_2$, ON, O$_2$) family as anode material in NIBs.