Scalable and ultralow power silicon photonic two-dimensional phased array

TL;DR

This paper presents a scalable, low-power silicon photonic 2D phased array using microresonator phase-shifters, enabling high-speed beam steering with minimal power and footprint, suitable for advanced optical processing and sensing.

Contribution

The authors demonstrate a 2D silicon photonic phased array with microresonator phase-shifters that are ultralow power, compact, and capable of high-speed operation, addressing previous scalability and power challenges.

Findings

Achieved high-speed (~330 KHz) beam steering.

Developed microresonator phase-shifters with ~250 μW static and ~50 μW dynamic power.

Enabled large-scale, low-power, 2D optical phased arrays.

Abstract

Photonic integrated circuit based optical phased arrays (PIC-OPA) are emerging as promising programmable processors and spatial light modulators, combining the best of planar and free-space optics. Their implementation in silicon photonic platforms has been especially fruitful. Despite much progress in this field, demonstrating steerable two-dimensional (2D) OPAs scalable to a large number of array elements and operating with a single wavelength has proven a challenge. In addition, the phase shifters used in the array for programming the far field beam are either power hungry or have a large footprint, preventing implementation of large scale 2D arrays. Here, we demonstrate a two-dimensional silicon photonic phased array with high-speed (~330 KHz) and ultralow power microresonator phase-shifters with a compact radius (~3 {\mu}m) and 2{\pi} phase shift ability. Each phase-shifter consumes an average ~250 {\mu}W static power for resonance alignment and ~50 {\mu}W power for far field beamforming. Such PIC-OPA devices can enable a new generation of compact and scalable low power processors and sensors.