Multifrequency microwave imaging of weak transients from the quiet solar corona

TL;DR

This study utilizes broadband microwave observations from VLA and EOVSA to detect and quantify nonthermal energy in transient emissions from the quiet solar corona, revealing their significant role in coronal energy dynamics.

Contribution

First broadband microwave observations enable quantification of nonthermal energy in quiet solar corona transients, highlighting their importance in coronal heating.

Findings

Nonthermal energy can be comparable to or larger than thermal energy in transients.

Broadband microwave data allows for better quantification of nonthermal signatures.

Transients may significantly contribute to coronal energy budget.

Abstract

Understanding the dynamics of the quiet solar corona is important for answering key questions including the coronal heating problem. Multiple studies have suggested small-scale magnetic reconnection events may play a crucial role. These reconnection events are expected to involve acceleration of electrons to suprathermal energies, which can then produce nonthermal observational signatures. However, due to the paucity of sensitive high-fidelity observations capable of probing these nonthermal signatures, most studies were unable to quantify their nonthermal nature. Here we use joint radio observations from the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA) to detect transient emissions from the quiet solar corona in the microwave (GHz) domain. While similar transients have been reported in the past, their nonthermal nature could not be adequately quantified due to the unavailability of broadband observations. Using a much larger bandwidth available now with the VLA and EOVSA, in this study, we are able to quantify the nonthermal energy associated with two of these transients. We find that the total nonthermal energy associated with some of these transients can be comparable to or even larger than the total thermal energy of a nanoflare, which underpins the importance of nonthermal energy in the total coronal energy budget.