Demonstrating 24-hour continuous vertical monitoring of atmospheric optical turbulence

TL;DR

This paper introduces the 24hSHIMM, a novel portable instrument capable of continuous 24-hour vertical monitoring of atmospheric optical turbulence, providing valuable data for optical communications and astronomy.

Contribution

The paper presents the first fully continuous 24-hour vertical turbulence monitoring system using a novel instrument, enabling better site selection and system optimization.

Findings

Recorded turbulence parameters over 35 hours of continuous operation.

Demonstrated the instrument's ability to operate in urban environments.

Validated the 24hSHIMM's effectiveness in measuring turbulence profiles.

Abstract

We report what is believed to be the first example of fully continuous, 24-hour vertical monitoring of atmospheric optical turbulence. This is achieved using a novel instrument, the 24-hour Shack-Hartmann Image Motion Monitor (24hSHIMM). Optical turbulence is a fundamental limitation for applications such as free-space optical communications, where it limits the achievable bandwidth, and ground-based optical astronomy, restricting the observational precision. Knowledge of the turbulence enables us to select the best sites, design optical instrumentation and optimise the operation of ground-based optical systems. The 24hSHIMM estimates the vertical optical turbulence coherence length, time, angle and Rytov variance from the measurement of a four-layer vertical turbulence profile and a wind speed profile retrieved from meteorological forecasts. To illustrate our advance we show the values of these parameters recorded during a 35-hour, continuous demonstration of the instrument. Due to its portability and ability to work in stronger turbulence, the 24hSHIMM can also operate in urban locations, providing the field with a truly continuous, versatile turbulence monitor for all but the most demanding of applications.