Evolutionary adaptation is facilitated by the presence of lethal genotypes

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that lethal mutations can paradoxically accelerate biological adaptation on complex fitness landscapes by enabling faster crossing of fitness valleys, especially under resource competition.

Contribution

It introduces a modified stochastic quasispecies model showing lethal mutations can speed up adaptation, contrary to traditional expectations.

Findings

Lethal mutations decrease the time to reach optimal genotypes.

Lethal mutations facilitate crossing fitness valleys.

Lethal mutations increase adaptation speed in competitive environments.

Abstract

The adaptation rate in theoretical models of biological evolution increases with the mutation rate but only to a point when mutations into lethal states cause extinction. One would expect that removing such states should be beneficial for evolution. We show here that, counter-intuitively, lethal mutations speed up adaptation on rugged fitness landscapes with many fitness maxima and minima, if strong competition for resources exist. We consider a modified stochastic version of the quasispecies model with two types of genotypes, viable and lethal, and show that increasing the rate of lethal mutations decreases the time to evolve the best-fit genotype. This can be explained by an increased rate of crossing fitness valleys, facilitated by reduced selection against less-fit variants.