Filaments in the OMC-3 cloud and uncertainties in estimates of filament profiles

TL;DR

This study compares filament properties in the OMC-3 cloud using MIR absorption and FIR emission, highlighting uncertainties in filament width estimates and the effects of observational and dust property variations.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of filament profiles in MIR and FIR, quantifies uncertainties, and discusses systematic errors affecting filament width measurements.

Findings

Filament widths range from 0.03 to 0.1 pc in both MIR and FIR.

FIR observations can overestimate filament widths by tens of percent.

Uncertainties are influenced by dust properties, radiation fields, and observational resolution.

Abstract

Filaments are an important part of star-forming interstellar clouds. Theie properties hold clues to their formation mechanisms and role in the star-formation process. We compare the properties of filaments in the Orion Molecular Cloud 3 (OMC-3), as seen in mid-infrared (MIR) absorption and far-infrared (FIR) dust emission. We calculated optical depth maps of the OMC-3 filaments based on the MIR absorption seen in Spitzer data and FIR dust emission observed with Herschel and the ArT\'eMiS instrument. The widths of the selected OMC-3 filament segments are in the range 0.03-0.1 pc, with similar average values seen in both MIR and FIR analyses. Compared to the widths, the individual parameters of the fitted Plummer functions are much more uncertain. The asymptotic power-law index has typically values p~3 but with a large scatter. Modelling shows that the FIR observations can systematically overestimate the filament widths. The effect is potentially tens of per cent at column densities above N(H$_2$) ~ $10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ but is reduced in more intense radiation fields, such as the Orion region. Spatial variations in dust properties could cause errors of similar magnitude. In the MIR analysis, dust scattering should generally not be a significant factor, unless there are high-mass stars nearby or the dust MIR scattering efficiency is higher than in the tested dust models. Thermal MIR dust emission can be a more significant source of error, especially close to embedded sources. The analysis of interstellar filaments can be affected by several sources of systematic error, but mainly at high column densities and, in the case of FIR observations, in weak radiation fields. The widths of the OMC-3 filaments were consistent between the MIR and FIR analyses and did not reveal systematic dependence on the angular resolution of the observations.