Triad interactions investigated by dual vortex shedding

TL;DR

This paper combines experiments and simulations to analyze triad interactions in turbulence, revealing how nonlinear forces drive energy transfer to higher frequencies, thus elucidating the energy cascade process.

Contribution

It introduces a novel experimental setup with vortex shedding to measure and simulate triad interactions in a controlled flow, simplifying analysis of turbulence mechanisms.

Findings

Triad interactions can be isolated and visualized in controlled flow conditions.

The nonlinear term in Navier-Stokes equations drives energy towards higher frequencies.

Time constants for development of higher order frequencies are identified.

Abstract

The study of the exchange of momentum and energy between wave components of the turbulent velocity field, the so-called triad interactions, offers a unique way of visualizing and describing turbulence. Most often, this study has been carried out by Direct Numerical Simulations or by power spectral measurements. Due to the complexity of the problem and the great range of velocity scales in high Reynolds number developed turbulence, direct measurements of the interaction between the individual wave components have been rare. In the present work, we therefore present measurements and related computer simulations of triad interactions between controlled wave components injected into an approximately laminar and uniform flow from an open wind tunnel by vortex shedding from two rods suspended into the flow. This well-defined vortex shedding approximates well a two-dimensional flow, which makes the analysis of the triadic interactions considerably less complex to analyze than in a fully developed spatially three-dimensional flow. With the information obtained from the simulations, we are hereby able to isolate and display the individual triad interactions taking place as the flow develops downstream as well as the strengths of these interactions. The experiments provide the time constants governing the development of higher order frequency components. The combination of these experiments and simulations provide unique insight into the inner workings of turbulence and shows how the nonlinear term in the Navier-Stokes equation on average forces the energy towards higher frequencies, which is the reason for the so-called energy cascade.