Bright Spatially Coherent Beam from Carbon Nanotube Fiber Field Emission Cathode

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that electroplated and laser-cut carbon nanotube fibers can produce a spatially coherent, high-brightness electron beam suitable for advanced vacuum electronic devices.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel fabrication method that significantly improves the spatial coherence and brightness of CNT fiber electron sources.

Findings

Uniform emission across a 75 μm radius surface

Normalized emittance of 52 nm achieved

Brightness exceeding 10^15 A/m^2/sr

Abstract

Large area carbon nanotube (CNT) cathodes made from yarns, films or fibers have long been promising as next generation electron sources for high power radio frequency (rf) and microwave vacuum electronic devices. However, experimental evidence have been pointing out spatial incoherence of the electron beam produced by such cathodes that, in turn, impeded the progress toward high brightness CNT electron sources and their practical applications. Indeed, typically large area CNT fibers, films or textiles emit stochastically across their physical surface at large emission angles and with large transverse spread, meaning large emittance and hence low brightness. In this work, using high resolution field emission microscopy, we demonstrate that conventional electroplating of hair-thick CNT fibers followed by a femtosecond laser cutting, producing emitter surface, solves the described incoherent emission issues extremely well. Strikingly, it was observed that the entire (within the error margin) cathode surface of a radius of approximately $75\,\mu\text{m}$ emitted uniformly (with no hot spots) in the direction of the applied electric field. The normalized emittance on the fiber surface was estimated of 52 nm with brightness of $>$$10^{15}\frac{\text{A}}{\text{m}^2\text{rad}^2}$ (or $>$$10^7$ A m$^{-2}$sr$^{-1}$V$^{-1}$) estimated for pulsed mode operation.