Discontinuous Jump Behavior of the Energy Conversion in Wind Energy Systems

TL;DR

This paper models wind turbine power conversion as a stochastic process, revealing how noise characteristics, including jumps, relate to operational modes and control strategy transitions, offering new insights into turbine behavior.

Contribution

It introduces a stochastic differential equation framework with data-driven estimation of noise components, highlighting the significance of jump noise in turbine operation transitions.

Findings

Presence of both diffusion and jump noise in turbine power output

Jump noise significantly increases near control strategy transitions

Discontinuous power changes occur during the switch to rated power

Abstract

The power conversion process of a wind turbine can be characterized by a stochastic differential equation (SDE) of the power output conditioned to certain fixed wind speeds. An analogous approach can also be applied to the mechanical loads on a wind turbine, such as generator torque. The constructed SDE consists of the deterministic and stochastic terms, the latter corresponding to the highly fluctuating behavior of the wind turbine. Here we show how advanced stochastic analysis of the noise contribution can be used to show different operating modes of the conversion process of a wind turbine. The parameters of the SDE, known as Kramers-Moyal (KM) coefficients, are estimated directly from the measurement data. Clear evidence is found that both, continuous diffusion noise and discontinuous jump noise are present. The difference in the noise contributions indicates different operational regions. In particular, we observe that the jump character or discontinuity in power production has a significant contribution in the regions where the control system switches strategies. We find that there is a high increase in jump amplitude near the transition to the rated region, and the switching strategies cannot result in a smooth transition. The proposed analysis provides new insights to the control strategies of the wind turbine.