Spin-tensor Meissner currents of ultracold bosonic gas in an optical lattice

TL;DR

This paper explores the complex spin-tensor Meissner currents in an ultracold bosonic gas within an optical lattice, revealing a rich phase diagram with unique current patterns and symmetry-breaking phases, advancing understanding of synthetic gauge fields.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of spin-tensor type Meissner currents in a three-leg optical lattice system with staggered gauge fields, highlighting novel current distributions and phases not seen in previous studies.

Findings

Identification of mirror-symmetric Meissner and vortex phases

Discovery of a polarized phase with broken mirror symmetry

Proposal of experimental schemes to probe these phases

Abstract

We investigate the Meissner currents of interacting bosons subjected to a staggered artificial gauge field in a three-leg ribbon geometry, realized by spin-tensor--momentum coupled spin-1 atoms in a 1D optical lattice. By calculating the current distributions using the state-of-the-art density-matrix renormalization-group method, we find a rich phase diagram containing interesting Meissner and vortex phases, where the currents are mirror symmetric with respect to the {\color{red}middle leg} (i.e., they flow in the same direction on the two boundary legs opposite to that on the middle leg), leading to the spin-tensor type Meissner currents, which is very different from previously observed chiral edge currents under uniform gauge field. The currents are uniform along each leg in the Meissner phase and form vortex-antivortex pairs in the vortex phase. Besides, the system also support a polarized phase that spontaneously breaks the mirror symmetry, whose ground states are degenerate with currents either uniform or forming vortex-antivortex pairs. We also discuss the experimental schemes for probing these phases. Our work provides useful guidance to ongoing experimental research on synthetic flux ribbons and paves the way for exploring novel many-body phenomena therein.