The interaction of extended Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter with viscous $f(T, B)$ gravity

TL;DR

This paper models the universe's dark energy and dark matter using viscous $f(T, B)$ gravity and extended Bose-Einstein condensate, fitting the model to supernova data and analyzing cosmic acceleration and stability.

Contribution

It introduces a combined framework of viscous $f(T, B)$ gravity and EBEC to describe dark components, providing new insights into cosmic evolution across different epochs.

Findings

The universe is currently in an accelerated expansion phase.

The model fits supernova data well across redshifts.

Stability analysis shows conditions for cosmic stability.

Abstract

In this paper, we study the viscous $f(T, B)$ gravity model as a source of dark energy, and the Extended Bose-Einstein Condensate (EBEC) as a source of dark matter, in a flat-FRW metric. In the presence of bulk viscosity, we obtain Friedmann equations and write two continuity equations of dark energy and dark matter by interacting them. Using the generalized Gross-Pitaeveskii equation, we earn Equation of State (EoS) of dark matter by EBEC regime as $p_m = \alpha \rho_{m} + \beta \rho_{m}^2$ in which the both of terms are respectively introduced as normal dark matter and dark matter halo. The innovation of the work is that we can simultaneously describe the nature of the dark parts of the universe with the viscous $f(T, B)$ gravity and the EBEC regime, which leads to a deep understanding of the different epochs of the universe from early to late times. In what follows, the energy density and the pressure of dark energy are reconstructed in terms of the redshift parameter, and then we fit the obtained results with 53 supernova data from the Hubble data constraints. Next, we plot the cosmological parameters in terms of the redshift parameter and conclude that the current universe is in an accelerated phase. Finally, we analyze the stability and instability of the current model with the sound speed parameter as well as we draw the density parameter values for dark energy in terms of the redshift parameter.