Apodized photonic crystals: A non-dissipative system hosting multiple exceptional points

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that a non-dissipative, all-dielectric photonic crystal with apodization can host multiple exceptional points, enabling control over PT-symmetry and topologically protected modes without noise from gain or loss.

Contribution

It introduces a novel all-dielectric photonic crystal design with apodization that hosts multiple exceptional points, expanding non-Hermitian photonics without dissipation.

Findings

Supports multiple exceptional points in a non-dissipative system

Demonstrates control over PT-symmetry regions

Estimates geometric phase and topological modes

Abstract

Optical systems obeying non-Hermitian dynamics have been the subject of intense and concerted investigation over the last two decades owing to their broad implications in photonics, acoustics, electronics as well as atomic physics. A vast majority of such investigations rely on a dissipative, balanced loss-gain system which introduces unavoidable noise and consequently, this limits the coherent control of propagation dynamics. Here, we show that an all-dielectric, non-dissipative photonic crystal (PC) could host, at least two exceptional points in its eigenvalue spectrum. By introducing optimum apodization in the PC architecture, namely 1D-APC, we show that such a configuration supports a spectrum of exceptional points which distinctly demarcates the PT-symmetric region from the region where PT -symmetry is broken in the parameter space. The analytical framework allows us to estimate the geometric phase of the reflected beam and derive the constraint that governs the excitation of topologically-protected optical Tamm-plasmon modes in 1D-APCs.