Multi-Modal and Multi-Resolution Data Fusion for High-Resolution Cloud Removal: A Novel Baseline and Benchmark

TL;DR

This paper introduces M3R-CR, a high-resolution cloud removal benchmark dataset utilizing multi-modal and multi-resolution data fusion, and proposes Align-CR, a novel method that effectively handles misalignment issues in high-resolution remote sensing imagery.

Contribution

The paper presents a new high-resolution cloud removal benchmark dataset and a novel alignment-aware fusion method, addressing the challenges of data misalignment and semantic structure preservation.

Findings

Align-CR outperforms existing methods in visual quality and semantic structure preservation.

The dataset enables more accurate evaluation of high-resolution cloud removal techniques.

The method effectively mitigates misalignment issues in multi-resolution data fusion.

Abstract

Cloud removal is a significant and challenging problem in remote sensing, and in recent years, there have been notable advancements in this area. However, two major issues remain hindering the development of cloud removal: the unavailability of high-resolution imagery for existing datasets and the absence of evaluation regarding the semantic meaningfulness of the generated structures. In this paper, we introduce M3R-CR, a benchmark dataset for high-resolution Cloud Removal with Multi-Modal and Multi-Resolution data fusion. With this dataset, we consider the problem of cloud removal in high-resolution optical remote sensing imagery by integrating multi-modal and multi-resolution information. In this context, we have to take into account the alignment errors caused by the multi-resolution nature, along with the more pronounced misalignment issues in high-resolution images due to inherent imaging mechanism differences and other factors. Existing multi-modal data fusion based methods, which assume the image pairs are aligned accurately at pixel-level, are thus not appropriate for this problem. To this end, we design a new baseline named Align-CR to perform the low-resolution SAR image guided high-resolution optical image cloud removal. It gradually warps and fuses the features of the multi-modal and multi-resolution data during the reconstruction process, effectively mitigating concerns associated with misalignment. In the experiments, we evaluate the performance of cloud removal by analyzing the quality of visually pleasing textures using image reconstruction metrics and further analyze the generation of semantically meaningful structures using a well-established semantic segmentation task. The proposed Align-CR method is superior to other baseline methods in both areas.