High-fidelity imaging of a band insulator in a three-dimensional optical lattice clock

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates high-fidelity imaging of a band insulator state in a 3D optical lattice clock using advanced imaging techniques, enabling precise thermodynamic and many-body state studies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel imaging method combining saturated fluorescence and absorption to accurately probe high-density states in a 3D optical lattice clock.

Findings

Confirmed the density distribution matches a single spin band insulator

Achieved high filling fraction enabling new many-body state research

Reduced systematic errors in imaging at high optical depths

Abstract

We report on the observation of a high-density, band insulating state in a three-dimensional optical lattice clock. Filled with a nuclear-spin polarized degenerate Fermi gas of 87Sr, the 3D lattice has one atom per site in the ground motional state, thus guarding against frequency shifts due to contact interactions. At this high density where the average distance between atoms is comparable to the probe wavelength, standard imaging techniques suffer from large systematic errors. To spatially probe frequency shifts in the clock and measure thermodynamic properties of this system, accurate imaging techniques at high optical depths are required. Using a combination of highly saturated fluorescence and absorption imaging, we confirm the density distribution in our 3D optical lattice in agreement with a single spin band insulating state. Combining our clock platform with this high filling fraction opens the door to studying new classes of long-lived, many-body states arising from dipolar interactions.