What are recent observations telling us in light of improved tests of distance duality relation?

TL;DR

This study introduces a new method using radio quasars and supernova data to test the cosmic distance duality relation, finding no evidence of deviation up to redshift 2.3, thus supporting the Etherington reciprocity theorem.

Contribution

A novel approach that eliminates calibration uncertainties and nuisance parameters, providing high-precision tests of the distance duality relation with current observational data.

Findings

No evidence for deviation of CDDR up to z=2.3

Method reduces calibration uncertainties and nuisance parameters

Supports the validity of the Etherington reciprocity theorem

Abstract

As an exact result required by the Etherington reciprocity theorem, the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $\eta(z)=D_L(z)(1+z)^{-2}/D_A(z)=1$ plays an essential part in modern cosmology. In this paper, we present a new method ($\eta(z_i)/\eta(z_j)$) to use the measurements of ultra-compact structure in radio quasars (QSO) and the latest observations of type Ia supernova (SN Ia) to test CDDR. By taking the observations directly from SN Ia and QSOs, one can completely eliminate the uncertainty caused by the calibration of the absolute magnitudes of standard candles ($M_B$) and the linear sizes of standard rulers ($l_m$). Benefit from the absence of nuisance parameters involved in other currently available methods, our analysis demonstrates no evidence for the deviation and redshift evolution of CDDR up to $z=2.3$. The combination of our methodology and the machine learning Artificial Neural Network (ANN) would produce $10^{-3}$ level constraints on the violation parameter at high redshifts. Our results indicate perfect agreement between observations and predictions, supporting the persisting claims that the Etherington reciprocity theorem could still be the best description of our universe.